The request to conduct a Peoples’ Tribunal came from the Irish Forum for Peace in Sri Lanka, in a letter dated 19.11.09. The Forum claimed that from the time that the war began in July 2006 through April 2009, according to United Nations internal documents, air raids and the use of heavy weaponry resulted in the death of 116 people per day. British and French mainstream media reported that during the final few weeks 20,000 Tamil people were killed. There were numerous accusations that Sri Lankan security forces were guilty of violating the Geneva Conventions on warfare and of having committed gross war crimes and crimes against humanity, particularly during the last five months of the war, between January and May 2009. The charges included the bombing of civilian habitations, hospitals, and government-proclaimed ‘safety zones’ or ‘no fire zones’ by security forces, causing innumerable deaths of civilians, doctors and aid workers. Additionally, the charges also included depriving the population of essential services such as food, water, and health facilities in war zones, and other grave crimes against humanity.

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All through a quarter-century-long civil war, Sri Lanka witnessed a deeply polarised political environment in which media tended to become a target of systematic abuse and attack. With the government and the principal armed groups involved in the conflict giving little latitude to the possibility of a negotiated solution, media were actively dissuaded from pursuing a process of social dialogue that could potentially explore alternatives to the strategy of war. At the same time, there was an active denial of space for exploring critical stories about the individuals and institutions involved in the war effort.

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The investigation with respect to the effective implementation of certain human rights conventions in Sri Lanka was initiated by the Commission Decision of 14 October 2008 (OJEU L277/34 of 18 October 2008) pursuant to Article 18(2) of Council Regulation (EC) No 980/2005.1 Article 16(2) of Regulation (EC) 980/2005 provided for the temporary withdrawal of the special incentive arrangement referred to in Section 2 of Chapter II of that Regulation (the “GSP+” treatment), if the national legislation incorporating those conventions referred to in Annex III of the Regulation which had been ratified in fulfilment of the requirements of Article 9(1) and (2) was not effectively implemented.

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